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How
Wine Is Made |
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are several different methods
used to make wine. The following
are the basic processes involved
in making white, red, and sparkling
wines. |
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Red
Wine |
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Grapes
are harvested and crushed. |
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Sulfur
dioxide may be added as
a preservative, as with
white wine. |
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Juice
is acidified or chaptalized
through the addition of
acid or sugar. |
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Juice
is poured into fermentation
vats and yeast is added. |
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Juice
macerates: it sits in
contact with the grape
skins in order to extract
color, tannin, and flavor
from the skin. Maceration
is usually simultaneous
with fermentation. With
Pinot Noir, maceration
may |
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occur
before fermentation to
extend contact; the must
is chilled and the process
known as “cold soak.”
Extended maceration and
extra extraction soften
tannins and deepen flavors
of red wines. |
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For
red wines, hotter fermentation
results in higher the
levels of extraction. |
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Almost
all red wine undergoes
secondary or malolactic
fermentation to soften
harsh acids in the wine. |
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Wine
is racked and the solid
sediment pressed; the
pressed wine is high in
tannin and can be added
to racked wine if desired. |
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Wine
is clarified. |
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Sulfur
may be added to prevent
spoilage. |
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Wine
is aged, blended (if desired),
and bottled; red wine
may be aged at higher
temperatures than white
wine. |
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Red
wine is further aged in
the bottle; bottle aging
develops the complexity
of aroma known as bouquet;
with cooler temperatures,
the bouquet will develop
more evenly. |
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